ONTARIO - Reflections on our History

All / Ontario

October 29, 2007

The first institution in Ontario opened in Orillia on September 25, 1876. Not until the emergence of Community Living in the 1950s were there alternatives to this flawed model of support for people who have an intellectual disability. In his 1971 report, Walter Williston stated that "a century of failure and inhumanity in the large multi-purpose residential hospitals should, in itself, be enough to warn of the inherent weakness in the system and inspire us to look for some better solution."

Following are some of the milestones over the past 5 decades as we have worked to find those "better solutions" and bring to a close our long history of institutionalization.

1959

The Association successfully advocates for changes to plans for a proposed institution at Cedar Springs (Southwest Regional Centre), reducing it from 2,400 to 1,000 beds.

Community Living members Betty and Jerry Anglin arrange a tour by Pierre Berton of the Ontario Hospital School in Orillia. His resulting column on the deplorable conditions in ancient overcrowded buildings creates a furor when it appears in the Toronto Star. The Minister of Health, while not admitting to Berton's charges, proceeds to commission a film entitled "One on Every Street", showing sinking floors, cracked plaster, crowded wards and dripping pipes in the 70 year old dormitories designed for 40 beds and accommodating 100 or more.

1971

A report by Walter B. Williston Q.C. looks into the death and severe frostbite of two men from Rideau Regional Centre and recommends the phasing down of large institutions.

1973

A report by Robert Welch, Secretary for Social Development, calls for the creation of appropriate residential homes in the community to facilitate deinstitutionalization.

1974

The Developmental Services Act is passed, providing the legislative framework for the creation and operation of community services for people who have an intellectual disability

1974

The Government paper referred to as the Avocado Paper describes, for the first time, specific targets for institutional downsizing.

1977

The Association protests plans to build a 150-bed institution in Etobicoke. Plans are altered to create community supports for 100 individuals. The government announces the first multi-year plan to close one institution and downsize another

1978

Nipissing Regional Centre (Timmins) - CLOSED

1982

A second multi-year plan targets the closure of five institutions.

1984

The Association releases the document Deinstitutionalization, a Value Based Process for Planning and Implementing the Repatriation of People With Handicapping Conditions.

1985

St. Lawrence Regional Centre (Brockville) - CLOSED

Bluewater Centre (Goderich) - CLOSED

START Centre (St. Thomas) - CLOSED

Pine Ridge Centre (Aurora) - CLOSED

1987

Durham Centre (Whitby) - CLOSED

Community and Social Services Minister John Sweeney announces Challenges and Opportunities, describing a strategy for developing a comprehensive system of supports and services in the province and making a commitment to close all large institutions within 25 years. He also announces the third multi-year plan with a target of closing three more institutions.

1988

Surrey Place Centre (Toronto -residential) - CLOSED

1994

The Association forms a partnership with the Canadian Association to undertake the "Opening New Doors"  project to prepare communities to welcome people that are coming home from institutions

Muskoka Centre (Gravenhurst) -CLOSED

Northwestern Regional Centre (Thunder Bay) -  CLOSED

1996

D'Arcy Place (Cobourg) - CLOSED

Oxford Regional Centre (Woodstock) - CLOSED

The Association presents to government the document "No Better Time Than Now - Saying Farewell to Institutions." The document stresses the need to close institutions and the value of supporting people to live in the community.

Community and Social Services Minister David Tsubouchi announces the 4th multi-year plan with a target to move almost 1,000 people from institutions and closing 5 more facilities.

1998

Midwestern Regional Centre (Palmerston) - CLOSED

1999

Prince Edward Heights (Picton) - CLOSED

Adult Occupational Centre (Edgar) - CLOSED

2001

Concerned that momentum to close institutions might be slowing, Community Living associations in southwestern Ontario spearhead an initiative to renew the issue as a provincial priority. A new provincial working group is struck to demand government action on the final closure of the institutions.

2003

The Association members protest plans by government to build a youth detention centre on the grounds of the Southwest Regional Centre while that institution is still in operation.

The Association hosts a provincial forum "Free the People" to develop strategies for getting the government to act on the closure of the final three institutions in Ontario. Similar regional events are hosted regionally in Smith Falls and Windsor to demand action and plan for the return of people to the community.

2004

Community and Social Services Minister Sandra Pupatello announces that the remaining three institutions will close by April, 2009.

2005

Some families of people in the facilities slated to close bring court action against the government challenging the planned closures. Community Living Ontario seeks intervener status in the court proceedings. Consistent with the positions taken by Community Living, the court rules in January, 2006 that closures can proceed and that families and individuals must have access to appropriate planning that decides where they will live.